规律探寻:中考英语专项训练之阅读理解(A)

中考英语中难度最大也是分数比值最多的部分就是阅读理解。通过对舟山市2015--2021年这七年的中考真题的对比研究，总结了有关阅读理解考试的一些规律。因内容较多，篇幅较长，故分为A、B两篇。

阅读理解近几年主要考查的几种题型及其解题技巧如下：

一、考查文本内容细节：在弄明白题干的意思后，带着问题到阅读材料中去寻找相关信息句。一定要注意将短文中的信息句与所给的选项进行细节对比，切不可操之过急，理所当然地进行选择。因为干扰项往往就是一模一样的词汇或文中出现的句子，只不过是替换了其中某个或某几个关键词(如将some替换成all等)或句子内容以偏概全，因果颠倒等。正确选项往往是通过语义转换、同义转换、归纳小结等方法复述出来，而不是照抄原文。

这类考察题型近几年主要有以下几种：

1.考察对文本句意的理解。解题方法是读懂题目意思并带着该问题到文本中找到并正确理解相应的句子基本就可以找到正确答案。

2.考察对短文写作方式的理解。通常考察的方式是短文以怎样的方式开头? 短文用了什么说明或描写方法等。

例一（2018年舟山中考真题阅读理解B篇第一、二两段）(注：题目备选项中标红色的为正确答案。文本中标红色的句子为该题的信息句，下同。)

Right now you probably spend most ofyour time in school. Do you wonder what you are goingto do after high school? Will you continue to goto school? Will you learn a trade?Perhaps it is time to think about your choices and to prepare for them. Some day work will be a big part of your life.

What kind of job would be right for you?Think about your interests and your skills. You may like to listen to music,dance, play basketball, or work with computers. You may know how to drive a caror how to get along with people. Knowing both your interests and skills will help make a better plan for your career(职业).

34. The passage is most probably written to ______.（细节题：句意理解）

A. studentsB. teachers

C.parents D. designers

35. At the beginning, the writer introduces the topicof the passage by ______.（细节题：话题引入方式）

A. listingfacts

B. giving examples

C. asking questions

D. explaining differences

例二（2015年舟山中考真题阅读理解B篇第一、四两段）

●Our Needs

People are different, but they all have the same needs. Needs are things people must have to live. Our bodies need food and water. We also need air to breathe. We need a place to live to keep us safe. We need clothes to keep us warm. If we did not have these things, we could not survive(生存).

……

● Our Wants

Wants are things people would like to have but do not need to live.Suppose you hope to get a football for your birthday. A football is a want. Youcan live without it.

37. The writer tells the differences between needs and wants by ______.（细节题：说明方法）

A. making a survey

B. doing research

C. giving examples

D. having interviews

二、猜测生词含义：找到含有该生词的句子，往往在该句的前几句或后几句有对该生词的提示或解释。看懂了该提示或解释及上下文的语境，正确答案就较容易选出。

例一（2018年舟山中考真题阅读理解D篇第二、三两段）

……Elizabeth Lindsey, an expert in languages, emphasizes(强调) this. “When an elder dies, a library is burned,” she says.

Also, language death affects our knowledge about nature. Local people often have a deep understanding of plants,animals, and the relationship between them. David Harrison, a researcher on endangered languages, reflects, “80% of plant and animal species(物种) have been undiscovered by science. But that doesn’t mean they’re unknown to humans.”

44. The underlined word “affects” in thepassage means “______”. （猜词义）

A. waits for

B.depends on

C. is different from

D.has an influence on

例二（2016年舟山中考真题阅读理解B篇第三段）

……According to Luca, the sea is a good place to grow plants because underwater temperatures remain stable,changing little from day to night. The biospheres act like greenhouses.

35.The underlined word “stable” in Paragraph 3 means _______ in Chinese.（猜词义）

A. 平衡的 B. 正常的

C. 稳定的 D. 合适的

三、推理判断：这类题目包括对作者的态度、观点与写作意图的判断以及判断文章的出处和预测故事的发展与可能的结局等。只要读懂文章，找到与题目有关的信息句及关键词（如推测态度的关键词look forward to, bright future等表积极、肯定的态度,而doubt,wonder则表怀疑态度等）并对其作进一步合理的推理与判断即可。

1.考察对文本内容的选材或出处的理解。通常这类题目对应的信息句里都有比较明显的关键词。比如关于旅游的通常会有trip,travel等关键词，关于教育的有student,teacher等。

例（2015年舟山中考真题阅读理解A篇第一、二两段）

I am off on a trip on my own. Yes! Alone! I can’t wait to get going to Europe to seesome cities I really want to visit. It is great because I can choose what Iwant to do in each city. I am going to travel by train on the Eurorail.

The train trip was fast and the views of the countryside were amazing. Now I amin Salzburg, Austria. The quiet hills of Austria are a great place to relax.The movie The Sound of Music was filmed around this area. Mozart, the famous musician, was from here. I listened to some of his classical music.

31. The passage is probably taken from the ______ part of amagazine.（推理判断题：文章出处）

A. FoodB.Travel

C. SocietyD. Business

2.考察作者的情感态度、观点或写作意图。通常在短文的结尾或开头有比较明显的信息句，只要找到并正确地理解就比较容易找到正确答案。

例一（2018年舟山中考真题阅读理解D篇最后一段）

Many languages are endangered. However, it’s not too late. Children often grow up speaking two languages. “No one… becomesricher by giving up… one language to learn another,” Harrison said. If children feel both languages are important, they will use both.So, it is necessary that children realize how useful their local language is.

45. Which of the following is the writer’s opinion? （推理判断题：观点题）

A. People need to use common languages more often.

B. The spoken word is more important than the written word.

C.Children are the hope to stop the local language from dying.

D.Many animals and plants are in danger because of dying languages.

例二（2017年舟山中考真题阅读理解C篇最后两段）

Here is an example of how conflict resolution works step by step in a school playground setting:

●Someone says a student pushed him on the football field.

● The person who was accused as the “pusher” says it was actually an accident.

……

● The mediator offers praise for solving theproblem.

Conflict resolution can be used in manyenvironments. It encourages people to tell what really happened, to share their feelings, and to work together peacefully to solve the problem. It offers people workable steps to reach an agreement with the help of a mediator.

41. The writer givesthe example in the passage in order to .（推理判断：写作意图）

A. show how a mediator works in a footballmatch

B. help us know the importance of a mediatorin daily life

C. show how conflict resolution is used indifferent environments

D. help usclearly understand the workable steps in conflict resolution

例三（2017年舟山中考真题阅读理解D篇第四段）

“I’m sorry, dear, but you make me think of someone I once knew,” the old woman replied. “My best friend looked like you and used to wear a scarf just like the one you’re wearing around your neck.”Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and mouth wide open. She had heard stories of her grandmother’s best friend and knew the meaning of the scarf.Could this be Monica, her grandmother’s childhood friend?

43. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6, we can infer(推断)that Eliza felt ______.（推理判断：情感态度）

A.surprised B. thankful

C. sorry D. nervous

3. 预测故事的发展与可能的结局。通常根据短文内容的逻辑关系及故事情节的发展进行合理的推理判断就不难做出正确的选择。

例一（2017年舟山中考真题阅读理解D篇最后四段）

“I’m sorry, dear, but you make me think of someone I once knew,” the old woman replied. “My best friend looked like you and used to wear a scarf just like the one you’re wearing around your neck.” Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and mouth wide open. She had heard stories of her grandmother’s best friend and knew the meaning of the scarf.Could this be Monica, her grandmother’s childhood friend?

Eliza introduced herself and waited to hear the name of the other woman.

“My name’s Monica, dear. I lived in Hungary as a child, but my family had to leave when I was fourteen years old.I’ve been living here in California ever since.” said the old woman.

Eliza could not believe her ears …

44. What would Eliza most probably do after the dinner? （推理判断：短文情节）

A. She gave the silk scarf to Monica.

B. She went for another job interview.

C. She showed Monica around California.

D.She took Monica to meet her grandmother.

例二（2016年舟山中考真题阅读理解A篇最后两段）

……Leon spent the day relaxing, waiting for his helpers to return.Leonwas right. The cats did return, but they did not bring home many letters. Some got the letters wet. Some bit off the corners of the letters. Some even lost their backpacks. “Cats are just too unreliable(不可靠的),”Leon thought.

Just then, a strange sound came from the outside ofLeon’s door. A dirty dog was waiting to be invited inside.That gave Leon an idea.

32. According tothe last paragraph, we can infer (推断)that Leon would_______.（推理判断：短文情节）

A. let the dog take a shower

B.invite the dog to dinner

C.make the dog work for him

D.walk the dog around the village

（待续）